塞浦路斯Eleftheria Square / Zaha Hadid Architects_住宅景观_景观案例

项目地址：塞浦路斯尼科西亚

建筑设计：扎哈·哈迪德建筑事务所

竣工时间： 2021

背景 | CONTEXT

连接老城区和新街区的广场
Infrastructure Transformation of Linear Park

Eleftheria广场位于尼科西亚的中心附近，毗邻威尼斯城墙和环绕城市的干护城河。

尼科西亚巨大的威尼斯防御工事将老城区和现代区分开，而城市的 "绿线 "将首都分成两个不同的社区。

Located near the centre of Nicosia, Eleftheria Square is adjacent to the Venetian Walls and the dry moat that encircles the city.

Nicosia’s massive Venetian fortifications separate the old city from its modern districts, while the city’s ‘Green Line’ divides the capital into two disparate communities.

Eleftheria广场

Eleftheria square

这些巨大的防御性城墙建于中世纪，并在16世纪由威尼斯人进行了广泛的重建，界定了首都最古老地区的边界，将古城与城墙外的新区分开。

Constructed in the Middle Ages and extensively rebuilt by the Venetians in the 16th century, these substantial defensive walls define the boundary of the oldest part of the capital, dividing the ancient city from the new districts outside the walls.

平面图

Site plan

而ZHA设计将Eleftheria广场作为城市的主要集会空间，创造了新的联系，旨在连接一个分裂的首都。

Establishing Eleftheria Square as the city’s primary gathering space, Zaha Hadid Architects’ (ZHA) design creates new connections intended to unite a divided capital.

分析图

Analysis graphics

护城河成为 "绿带"空间
The Moat Becomes a "Greenbelt" Space

ZHA设想Eleftheria广场是一个更大的城市规划的初始阶段，可以成为首都一体化的催化剂。

该设计确保了威尼斯城墙的无障碍视野，将这些防御工事确立为尼科西亚身份的一个组成部分，同时也将干涸的护城河开放给公众使用，创造一个环绕城市的轨道公园。

ZHA envisioned Eleftheria Square as the initial phase of a much larger urban plan that could be a catalyst for the reunification of the capital.

The design ensures unobstructed views of the Venetian Walls, establishing these fortifications as an integral part of Nicosia’s identity, while also opening the dry moat for public use to create an orbital park that surrounds the city.

护城河成为 "绿带"

The moat become a ‘green belt’

用新的市民广场、花园和棕榈树长廊来改造护城河中以前无法进入的区域，护城河可以成为城市周围的 "绿带"。

Transforming previously inaccessible areas of the moat with new civic plazas, gardens, and palm-lined promenades, the moat can become a ‘green belt’ around the city.

棕榈树长廊

Palm tree promenade

ZHA的设计提出，护城河内的这些新公共空间将沿着古代城墙延伸，环绕尼科西亚，重新连接这个分裂的首都的社区。

ZHA’s design proposes these new public spaces within the moat are extended to follow the ancient city walls and encircle Nicosia, reconnecting communities of this divided capital.

几何形状的布局

The layout of geometric shapes

Eleftheria广场的设计提升了护城河的地形，创造了一个上层的桥梁，与周围的街景相接，建立了与城市结构的直接联系，并在首都的中心界定了一个新的公共广场。

护城河被改造成一个城市公园，其流动的几何形状是通过对古代防御工事的不规则形式进行三角测量来建立 "强度 "点，以确定新公园内的座位、花坛或水景。

The Eleftheria Square design elevates the topography of the moat to create an upper-level bridge that meets the surrounding streetscape, establishing direct connections with the city’s urban fabric and defining a new public square in the heart of the capital.

Transformed into an urban park, the moat’s fluid geometries have been created through the process of triangulating the irregular forms of the ancient fortifications to establish points of ‘intensity’ that define seating, flowerbeds or water features within the new park.

流动的几何形状

The geometry of the flow

花岗岩与混凝土的融合
The Fusion of Granite and Concrete

花岗岩的铺设传达了一种永恒的稳固性，而岩板之间的开放缝隙创造了一个被动的雨水排放系统，使护城河内新种植的树木能够自然地平衡地下水位，减少对中世纪城墙地基的侵蚀。

The moat’s granite paving conveys a timeless solidity, while open joints between the granite slabs create a passive rainwater drainage system that allows the new trees planted within the moat to naturally balance groundwater levels and reduce erosion of the medieval walls’ foundations.

稳固的花岗岩

Solid granite

作为尼科西亚最大的市民广场，Eleftheria广场被设计用来举办节日和公共活动；它的上层桥梁和支撑柱是用混凝土制作的，它们的雕塑形式确保了在这个地震区的结构完整性，每个柱子的底部都可以变形为座位。

As the largest civic plaza in Nicosia, Eleftheria Square is designed to host festivals and public events; its upper-level bridge and supporting columns are crafted in concrete, their sculptural forms ensure structural integrity in this seismic region and the base of each column morphs into seating.

弧形的流线设计

Curved streamline design

广场的改造涉及到大量的考古挖掘，以及修复和保护历史上的威尼斯城墙的工程。

The redevelopment also includes two cafes within the square and the new underground parking lot with an access ramp on Omirou Avenue. Stairs and elevators directly connect with the bus terminal in Solomos Square.

场地环境

Site environment

重建项目还包括广场内的两个咖啡馆和新的地下停车场，以及Omirou大道上的一个入口坡道。楼梯和电梯可以直接连接到索洛莫斯广场的巴士总站。

混凝土结构

Concrete structure

ZHA对Eleftheria广场的改造将尼科西亚丰富的历史与对未来坚定不移的乐观精神编织在一起。

ZHA’s transformation of Eleftheria Square weaves together Nicosia’s rich history with an unwavering optimism for the future.

广场灯光设计

Square lighting design

广场连接威尼斯墙和护城河，成为通往古城的重要通道，它的地下停车场将汽车从古城的街道上移开，以进一步实现行人化，增强这个历史区的城市领域，同时也创造了新的公共花园和广场，供城市居民和游客享用。

Bridging the Venetian Wall and moat, the square becomes an important gateway to the old city, its underground parking removing cars from the ancient city’s streets to enable further pedestrianisation that enhances the urban realm of this historic district while also creating new public gardens and plazas to be enjoyed by residents and visitors to the city.