黄山西塘竹亭 / 孔祥伟工作室_住宅景观_景观案例

项目地址：黄山市祁门县历口镇西塘村

占地面积： 80㎡

开发商：黄山市祁门县历口镇政府

设计时间： 2023年7月

建筑设计：孔祥伟工作室

背景 | CONTEXT

黄山祁门历口镇西塘村处在群山环绕的盆地之中，是一个历史悠久的古村落。古村入口河畔，十几株古树盘踞，给古老的村子带来一股神气。古树为两百多年树龄的苦楮和女贞，巨大的树荫下天然围合成为村民休闲的场所。边界堆叠太湖石，中间青石铺地，一组传统的石桌凳放于青石板上。这个树下溪旁的绝佳纳凉地，成了全村村民聊天社交的露天茶桌。

Xitang Village, located in the basin surrounded by mountains, is an ancient village with a long history. At the entrance of the ancient village, a dozen ancient trees stand, bringing an air to the ancient village. The ancient trees are more than 200 years old bitter paper and privet, which are naturally enclosed under the huge shade for the villagers to relax. The boundary is stacked with Taihu stone, paved with bluestones inside, and a set of traditional stone tables and benches are placed on the bluestones. This excellent cool place beside the stream under the tree has become an open-air tea table for the whole village to chat and socialize.

▼巨树下的小竹亭

▼竹亭与湖石

▼憩者与竹亭

今夏，村子的民宿开始运营，民宿客房散落在村民房舍中，为营造提升西塘村整村环境，业主希望增加吸引人的节点，在有限资金的条件下快速落地成型。数次进村踏勘，我被村口参天古树群所打动，也常常坐于树下石凳，望着河水缓缓流过。借和村民闲聊之际，萌生出在这大树下做一小亭的想法：一来徽州多雨，下亭可为这个小空间遮雨；二是正对村口来路，小亭可成为迎客的标识性构筑物，特别是夜晚灯光亮起，方便宿居旅客快速找到民宿方向。

This summer, the village B&B began to operate, B&B rooms mixed with local villagers houses. in order to create a better Xitang village environment, the owner hopes to add attractive nodes, in the condition of limited funds to quickly land and form. Several visits to the village, I was moved by the towering ancient trees at the entrance of the village, and often sat on the stone bench under the trees, watching the river flowing slowly. While chatting with the villagers, I came up with the idea of making a small pavilion under this big tree: On the one hand, Huizhou is rainy, and the pavilion can protect this small space from rain; The second is the entrance to the village, the pavilion can become a sign structure to welcome guests, especially at night, the light is lit, convenient for guests to quickly find the direction of accommodation.

▼竹亭所在位置

▼正对村头的竹亭

▼大树下的竹亭

▼竹亭夜景

在地的高效性
The efficiency of locality

隶属古徽州的祁门多竹，西塘村周边漫山遍野都是竹子，竹子是当地重要的建筑材料，经济耐用，多用于庭院围挡和农业生产类建筑。徽州百工中，竹工艺也是重要的民间工艺，徽州竹器精美得很，精通竹工艺的民间师傅也多得很。故取竹为材，建造竹亭，意在和谐地融入场地参天的大树。也就地取材，沿袭地方精神，彰显在地属性。为尽量少地干预场地，竹亭小尺度而建，仅涵盖原场地一组桌凳。四角切边，退让场地古树，宛如小小房舍，和谐融入华盖绿荫。

The hills around Xitang Village are covered with bamboo. Bamboo is an important local building material, economical and durable, and is mostly used for garden enclosure and agricultural production buildings. Among the hundred crafts in Huizhou, bamboo craft is also an important folk craft. Huizhou bamboo ware is very exquisite, and there are many folk masters who are proficient in bamboo craft. Therefore, bamboo is used as a material to build bamboo pavilion, which is intended to harmoniously integrate into the towering trees of the site. Also local materials, follow the local spirit, highlight the property in the ground. In order to interfere with the site as little as possible, the bamboo pavilion was built on a small scale, covering only a set of tables and benches in the original site. The four corners are cut, giving way to the ancient trees of the site, like a small house, harmoniously integrating into the canopy shade.

▼竹亭仰视

▼仰视竹亭

亭子由当西塘村当地村民建造施工。竹匠工人竹匠根据设计需求，上山砍伐20/50/80mm三种直径规格的鲜竹，根据不同的韧性选取毛竹、雷竹和苦竹三种品种，现场裁切组装，经验丰富，技术在线。整体竹构架完成后，采用火烧碳化工艺，用火枪微烤，使其脱水，再进一步做防腐处理。最后安装亭子顶部的亚克力板，轻巧易于快速施工。从选材，加工到安装，设计师与竹匠紧密合作，通力配合，从构思到建成，整个工期仅十天。

The pavilion was built by local villagers in Dang Xitang Village. Bamboo workers Bamboo workersaccording to the design needs, the mountain cut down 20/50/80mm three diameter specifications of fresh bamboo, according to the different toughness of the selection of bamboo, bamboo and bitter bamboo three varieties, on-site cutting assembly, rich experience, technology online. After the whole bamboo frame is completed, the fire carbonization process is adopted, and the fire gun is slightly roasted to dehydrate it, and then the anti-corrosion treatment is further done. Finally, the acrylic panel on the top of the pavilion is installed, which is lightweight and easy to construct quickly. From the selection of materials, processing to installation, the designer and the bamboo carpenter work closely together, from conception to completion, the entire construction period is only ten days.

▼竹亭的构思到建成

▼竹亭细节

小尺度的结构美学
Aesthetics in Small scale

竹亭虽小，却不乏结构美学。不同于传统集成绑扎，竹亭采用插接的方式连接结构杆件，结构上尽量强化交接和支撑。横纵各6组三角桁架，作为结构单元支持起整个飞檐顶部，立面用重复阵列的等大竹子填充，形成匀质统一的重复美感。竖向受力的柱子为保持与周围树的一致性，增加斜撑成“树枝状柱子”，巧妙融入周围树林。悬挑的飞檐用轻薄的亚克力做顶，阳光轻易透过通透的材质，抬头便可以看到山风中影影绰绰的树影在斑驳的阳光下晃动。

Although bamboo pavilion is small, there is no lack of structural aesthetics. Different from the traditional integrated binding, bamboo pavilion adopts the way of splicing to connect the structural members, and the structure strengthens the connection and support as much as possible. Six groups of horizontal and vertical triangular trusses are used as structural units to support the entire top of the cornice, and the facade is filled with repeated arrays of equal bamboo to form a uniform and repetitive aesthetic feeling. In order to maintain the consistency with the surrounding trees, the vertically stressed columns are added to form "dendritic columns" and cleverly integrate into the surrounding woods. The overhanging eaves are topped with light acrylic. Sunlight easily penetrates through the transparent material, and you can look up and see the shadows of trees in the mountain wind swaying under the dappled sunlight.

▼竹亭的结构美学

▼竹亭局部

▼竹亭转角

古树下的守候

Waiting under the giant tree

小小的竹亭，隐于大树之下，在晨曦的微光下，和光色融为一体。艳阳下，受大树树荫遮蔽；夜色中，明亮的竹亭引导归客和游人入村。

The small bamboo pavilion is hidden under the big tree, and under the dim light of the morning sun, it blends in with the light and color. Under the bright sun, it is shaded by big trees; in the night, the bright bamboo pavilion guides returnees and tourists into the village.

▼隐入树下的竹亭