曼谷Bridging the Gaps / SHMA_住宅景观_景观案例

项目地址：泰国曼谷

景观面积： 7,354㎡

开发商： H.M. Queen Sirikit Park Foundation (Public Parks Department)

建筑设计： Crown Property Bureau

摄影机构： Mr. Wison Tungthunya

背景 | CONTEXT

“鸟浪桥”是一座50米长的人行天桥，位于曼谷北部，横跨从Rotfai公园到诗丽吉皇后公园的河道。它不仅旨在缝合物理上的“鸿沟”，还旨在缝合公共项目的复杂过程和对公众对城市公园的看法。

The Bird Wave Bridge, a 50 metre long pedestrian bridge crossing over small watercourse from Rotfai Park to H.M. Queen Sirikit Park at the Northern part of Bangkok aims to bridge not only the physical gaps but also the public projects’ complicated process and general perception of urban parks.

曼谷在面积和规模上都缺乏公共绿地。Rotfai公园、诗吉丽皇后公园和相邻的JJ公园的总面积为116公顷，三者相连将使其成为曼谷最大的公共公园，将在2019年该区域成为新的轨道交通枢纽时为周边城市做出巨大贡献。然而，由于土地所有权的差异，曼谷大都会管理局(BMA) 2008年的总体规划未能实现，这导致了复杂的部门间的协调，不同公园间的概念、规划以及公众对现有树的使用和砍伐所带来的影响的看法都存在差异。甚至穿越这些公园的道路的使用者也反对合并规划。

Bangkok lacks public green space both in terms of area and size. The area of the 2 parks and the adjacent Jatujak Park combined is 116 Hectare, makes it the biggest public park in the city and will greatly contribute to the surrounding urban when it becomes new rail transport hub in 2019. However, Bangkok Metropolitan Authority (BMA)’s 2008 master plan to combine the 3 parks has not been realized due to difference in land ownership - resulting in the complicated inter-authority coordination, the difference in each of the parks’ concepts and programs and public concerns over the impact on existing use and cutting of trees. Users of road that cuts through these parks were also against the plan.

JJ公园有修剪很好的草坪适合休闲活动，且毗邻公共轨道交通和地铁站，一直都很受欢迎。而Rotfai公园，以前是泰国国家铁路局的高尔夫球场，因可穿行在绝美的起伏土丘上的自行车道，在周末最受欢迎。

而皇后公园的游客人数最少，因为它的可达性较差，只能通过私家车抵达。它被JJ公园和一条道路与公共交通系统分开，又通过排水护城河与Rotfai公园分开。连接Rotfai公园的唯一通道是皇后公园一角的一座临时钢桥。

Currently, JJ Park, with its properly mowed open lawn suitable for leisurely activities and its location next to Mass Rail Transit as well as Underground stations, is well used throughout the week while Rotfai Park, formerly a State Railways Authority of Thailand’s golf course, is most popular during weekend for its biking route through photogenic rolling mounds.

The Queen Park has the least numbers of visitors due to its less accessibility, mainly only by private transportation. It is separated from mass transit system by JJ Park and a road, and from Rotfai Park by the drainage moat. The only connection to Rotfai park was by a 1 temporary steel bridge from one corner of the Queen Park.

与游客数量相反，皇后公园是曼谷所有公园中植物种类最多的公园，其主要目的是收集和展示来自泰国各地的原生植被。根据泰国鸟类保护协会的调查，它的生物多样性也吸引了各种各样的鸟类。皇后公园将靠近Rotfai公园边界的东北部分作为“鸟类保护区”，允许植被自然生长，落叶和树枝堆放在一起为昆虫提供食物和庇护所，死树留在护城河的浅水中，供海龟，蜥蜴和鸟类栖息。虽然在观鸟爱好者中很有名，但有些人认为这个地区太脏乱。

Conservation Society of Thailand. The parkdedicated the northeastern portion next to its boundary to Rotfai Park to be‘Bird Sanctuary’ where vegetation are allowed to naturally grow, fallen leavesand branches are stacked to provide food and shelter for insects and dead treesare left in the moat’s shallow water for the turtles, lizards and birds toperch. Although well known among bird watchers, the area was considered untidyor dirty by some.

景观设计师于2014年向皇后公园董事会提出了在鸟类保护区的南端建立“鸟浪桥”，当作“试验”连接，把三个公园连接在一起，而不必等待总体规划的实现就可以真正使用。

It is in the south end of the Bird Sanctuary that “The Bird Wave Bridge” was proposed by the landscape architect to the director board of the Queen Park in 2014 as the ‘trial’ connection to enable real use if the 3 parks are to be joined without having to wait for the realization of the whole masterplan.

桥的位置位于皇后公园中轴线的北端，穿过小水道，远离现状树林，连接在Rotfai公园高差2米处。桥的波浪立面用来消化高差，并向皇后公园的传统弯曲桥致敬。桥的中间部分落在堤岸上，向鸟类保护区弯曲，创造了一个以树冠为屋顶的房间，半实心木栏杆在这个房间周围升起，形成一个水平开口和木制柜台相结合的百叶窗，用于观鸟活动。

The bridge’s location is at the North end of central axis from the Queen Park and crossing over small watercourses, curving away from existing mature trees and landing in Rotfai Park at 2 m. lower elevation. The wave elevation of the bridge was employed to mitigate this level difference as well as paying homage to the traditional curved bridges in the Queen Park. The middle section of the bridge where it landed on a dike is curved out towards the Bird Sanctuary to create a room with tree crowns as roof, the semi-solid timber railing was raised around this room to form a blind with the integration of horizontal opening and wooden counter for birding activity.

“Bird Wave”这个名字是对它的外观以及它所处环境的致敬，强调了鸟类保护区的用途和功能，轻干预地引入不同类型的公共绿色空间证明生物多样性可以与城市环境共存。

The name ‘Bird Wave’ tributes to its appearance as well as the surroundings in which it is situated, giving importance to the uses and function of the Bird Sanctuary and gently introducing the different kind of public green space where biodiversity can coexist with urban environment.

这座桥主要由3种材料建造：基础和柱子采用钢筋混凝土，地面结构采用喷涂黑钢，地板和栏杆采用风化木材。景观与泰国鸟类保护协会协商，重新设计了受建筑影响的周围景观，以增加适合小动物生存的条件，河岸边坡微斜入水中，提供觅食和避难的环境，种植各种开花灌木和树木，以护坡固土并吸引昆虫。

The bridge is primarily constructed with 3 materials; reinforced concrete for the footing and column, black painted steel for above ground structure and weathered timber for flooring and railing. The surrounding landscape which was affected by construction was re designed in consultation with The Bird Conservation Society of Thailand to increase suitable living condition for small animals, banks were gently sloped into the water to provide feeding and refuging environment and various flowering shrubs and trees were planted to protect slope and attract insects.

尽管当前这座桥正在实现连接两个公园并吸引更多的游客的目的，但也只有时间才能证明通过它是否能够引起公众对其公园的其他可能的形式关注，帮助传递一些直接解决复杂公共项目的想法。

Even though the bridge is achieving its purpose to connect 2 parks and attract more users, but only time will tell whether or not its humble goals to bring to public’s attention the other possible forms of public parks and to convey the idea of direct solution approach to the complicated public projects can be reached.