上海金桥曹家沟滨河景观更新设计 / VIA 维亚景观_住宅景观_景观案例

项目地址：上海市浦东新区金桥镇

景观面积： 13000㎡

开发商：上海市浦东新区金桥镇人民政府

设计时间： 2020年5月（完成）

竣工时间： 2021年11月

景观设计： VIA 维亚景观

景观施工：上海松婷实业发展有限公司

摄影机构：吴清山、敬波

背景 | CONTEXT

曹家沟是黄浦江在浦东地区的支流，属于上海“一环十射”重点水系之外的“中小河道”范畴。曹家沟金桥段是曹家沟沿线城市密度最高的区域，更新前的现状也呈现出与“一江一河（黄浦江、苏州河）”等宏大叙事存在巨大落差的中小河道滨河岸线的基本特征（郁闭、管养不足、公共性弱、与周边城市功能以及居民生活互动不足等）。

Caojiagou is a tributary of the Huangpu River, which is excluded from the key channel system of Shanghai. In contrast to the renowned Huangpu River or Suzhou Creek, Caojiagou riverfront appeared to be enclosed, poorly maintained, desolated, and lacks interaction with local inhabitants and urban functionalities before renewal.

△ 清晨的金桥曹家沟滨河景观鸟瞰 @吴清山

△ 引导立体游观的“社区之桥”下方的儿童活动 @吴清山

形成完整而连续的滨河景观体验是设计的底线要求，如何在本次更新中实现中小河道滨河空间的从“城市景观的背面”到“日常公共生活的正面”的转向，才是我们更关注和感兴趣的内容。

So how to transform the small channel side space from the back side of the urban landscape to the front side of public daily life is the key point of the renewal design.

解构：线性空间的口袋化

Deconstruction: break the line into pockets

金桥曹家沟滨河现状乔木长势总体不错，但滨河路径不连续、也缺乏必要的活动休憩空间，加之下木凌乱、绿化养护水平不高和周边停车杂乱的情况，呈现出城市背面的基础感受，这也是本次更新最初的动因。而真正的挑战却来自最基础的现状场地特征。

Dense trees at the riverfront are relatively well established at the site of Caojiagou. However, we also find problems such as inconsistent pathways, lack of necessary functional space, poorly maintained ground cover and congested car parking in the surroundings. All issues contribute to an abandoned “urban backside” feeling, which we regard as an initial reason to make a change. On the other side, the real challenge of the renewal originated from the basic current site character.

△ 区位图 @VIA 维亚景观

△ 现状分析 @VIA 维亚景观

本次设计的曹家沟金桥段沿河道总长约560米，其中约有380米（约占整体岸线长度的近70%）是进深仅为12米左右的狭窄线性空间。如何避免仅有一条乏味的园路在狭窄的滨河绿地中穿越，是解决更新中“新”的关键，同时也是让使用者有兴趣和意愿进入滨河空间、解决公共性缺失的问题的重点。

The total length of Caojiagou riverfront within the design scope is about 560 meters, of which 70% has merely 12m wide linear space. So what we should do first is to avoid a boring pathway winding through the narrow riverfront and make more users will be willing to enter into the riverfront and create a more public open space through the renewal scheme.

△ 整体更新策略：线性空间的口袋化 @VIA 维亚景观

△ 结合休闲、景观塑造、人流聚散的“带状口袋”解构传统的滨河基础空间 @吴清山

△ 多功能的“带状口袋”对滨河绿道的“断”与“连” @吴清山

△ “微口袋”丰富滨河视觉感受与行为 @吴清山

△ 滨河绿道将多个“口袋”串联为整体 @敬波

在这里，我们提出了以“线性空间口袋化”的方式“解构”整体线性的更新策略。通过植入多个“线性口袋”，将原本的通过性空间转化为融停留、人流聚散、游赏、休憩于一体的滨河功能性景观节点，在提供休闲的同时，“口袋化”的节点也成为滨河漫步过程中的兴趣点。同时，在有较大腹地的空间，结合文化展示、健身、全龄段游憩、社区治理服务等功能，设计了2处更具特征和完整性的口袋公园。于是，我们的设计在滨河一线表现为“线性空间的口袋化”，而在更完整视角看，则是“1条滨河景观带+2处口袋公园”的基本空间关系。

We propose a method to deconstruct overall linear space that is to “break the line into pockets”. Various pocket spaces transform the original passing-by paths into nodes for recreation. On top of this, the “pocket node” becomes the interest points along the walking path. For more spacious areas, 2 more complete and characteristic pocket park areas are developed combining culture display, fitness, full-age recreation, and indoors community service. The general structure of our design is therefore “line-breaking pockets” at the riverfront and “1 waterfront green corridor + 2 pocket parks” in a broader perspective.

△ 鸟瞰“社区之桥”围合的“社区舞台口袋”与“i love jinqiao”趣乐空间 @吴清山

△ 在场地最南侧形成儿童趣乐活动的“口袋”@敬波

△ 为保留现状绿化而形成的“圆形口袋”@吴清山

△ “带状口袋”与“圆形口袋”的空间组合 @吴清山

△ 以坐凳、台阶、绿化一体化设计的方式形成具有“口袋”功能的景观节点 @吴清山

建构：线性语言的层次与逻辑
Construction: hierarchy and logic of a linear language

对空间进行解构的目的是摆脱场地本身可能会导向的传统、不够积极的处理方式，在基于口袋化策略解构整体滨河空间后，就需要用一种恰当的方式与设计语言进行整体建构。于是，我们又转回“线性”的空间语言，一方面，线性语言和用地形态的契合度较高，另一方面以线性语言建构整体空间在恰好是当时VIA在多个上海的更新项目的设计中尝试和实践的一个重要方向。

After the deconstruction, we embark on constructing the space with an appropriate & systematic design language. Then we decide to use the linear design language which fits more with the site and secondly it is a frequently employed approach that VIASCAPE design has applied in recent design practices as well.

△ 呈现多层次线性语言建构体系的金桥曹家沟滨河景观 @吴清山

△ 线性路径与线性绿化融合形成的入口幽径 @吴清山

△ 线性园路、线性绿化与坐凳共同构成的滨河自然场景 @敬波

在这里，线性的建构是存在一定的层次关系与结构的。首先，我们以线性铺装、线性汀步、线性定制坐凳、线性绿化作为最基础的景观要素，沿岸线方向展开基础空间构成。同时，这些基础线性景观要素结合前述的口袋空间在局部成为整体，成为本次设计中观层面的线性语汇，并和线性的滨河绿道连结，形成一种自下而上的整体建构逻辑。

Initially, we apply linear paving, stepping stones, bench and linear planting as primary elements. These elements form a basic spatial composition and are applied along the riverfront. These elements are tightly combined with the pocket space, exhibiting a strong linear language. A logic through design construction is established from bottom to top with these elements tied with linear waterfront corridor.

△ 线性口袋空间与线性灯光在空间上的融合 @吴清山

△ 线性汀步构成的多义休憩场地融入由景墙统治的口袋空间 @吴清山

△ 线性汀步与滨河绿道的自然衔接 @吴清山

△ 俯瞰线性口袋空间、线性汀步、线性绿化共同构成的滨河景观节点 @吴清山

本次设计中的景观构筑物、建筑物也刻意的以线性关系呈现，与整体地景语汇求得和而不同的协调性，并辅以线性照明为主的夜景灯光，金桥曹家沟滨河景观更新设计中的线性语言结构与表达趋向完整。

The design of landscape structures and architecture also follows a linear pattern. It exhibits a different style with overall landscape design language but still shows a compatible consistency all together with other design elements. This consistency is strengthened with linear lighting. This contributes to the completion of the linear design language of Caojiagou riverfront renewal design.

△ “社区之桥”为空间围合提供的线性景观界面 @敬波

△ 儿童趣乐活动以线性空间的特征呈现 @敬波

△ 金桥曹家沟滨河景观夜景中呈现的多层次线性构成 @吴清山

同游：社区之桥的立体游观

dimensional Recreation: the community bridge

本次更新中，狭窄的滨河景观空间更新策略的形成与空间建构是破题点和更新设计成立的基点。而场地东南端近金海路、东陆路交叉口附近约4900㎡相对集中的景观空间则是更宝贵的空间资源。同时，项目所在的金桥镇张桥社区老旧小区密集，数万社区居民缺少日常的集中开放空间。于是，我们与业主共同决定将此处设计成“挂”在滨河景观带上的、高效率利用的社区型口袋公园，同样基于线性语言设计的“社区之桥”就是提高空间利用率的重要手段。

The base point of this renewal design is the formation of a renewal strategy and space construction of narrow riverfront space. In this context, a more concentrated open space with a size of 4900 sqm at the crossing of Jinhai Rd. and Donglu Rd. becomes a precious spatial resource. Considering the fact that Zhangqiao community, where this project is situated, has limited open space for local residents, we designed a pocket park “hanging” over the riverfront. This design targets a highly efficient utilization with the “community bridge”.

△“社区之桥”空间建构与立体游观生成 @VIA 维亚景观

△“社区之桥”桥上景观与休闲活动场景 @吴清山

社区之桥首先是屏蔽金海路东陆路交叉口嘈杂交通、区分内外的空间界面，也是包含社区共享活动、公共卫生间、设备用房、绿化管理用房的服务性建筑。通过连接滨河绿道的景观楼梯的设置和上人屋面的景观化设计，社区之桥被设计为可供登高游憩、观景的桥型景观建筑。

The community bridge is primarily an object to screen out loud traffic and an interface to define in and out. The bridge also incorporates public activities, a public toilet, MEP rooms, and a maintenance room. With a feature staircase connecting riverfront green corridor and a rooftop with green setting, this community bridge becomes a bridge-shaped building for viewing and recreation.

△ 将立体游观休憩、桥上桥下儿童活动、社区治理等多元功能融于一体的“社区之桥” @吴清山

△ 附属于“社区之桥”的滑梯与儿童缓坡攀岩场地 @吴清山

△“社区之桥”桥下的秋千与活动 @吴清山

△“社区之桥”桥下的多元活动与功能空间 @敬波

桥下的灰空间是社区之桥的另一个设计重点。在基础空间与行为关系上，这些灰空间是从城市道路进入口袋公园与滨河景观的主要通道，也是桥身各服务功能的入口空间。我们在设计上又在这些灰空间中植入了秋千、爬绳等互动游憩功能，结合楼梯休息平台设置的滑梯把更多的趣乐活动场地与桥身链接在一起，复合的利用空间，让社区之桥成为一个具备“可游、可停、可坐、可观”特征趣味空间。此外，社区之桥环抱围合社区口袋公园的空间格局也使两者形成更密切的行为关系，令集中场地的活动、桥下的趣味空间、桥上的休憩观景成为一体化、更完整的立体游观。本次设计在为周边居民争取更高效的景观空间利用方式的同时，社区之桥本身也成为整个更新设计中重要的景观特征。

The grey space under the bridge is another design focus. The space is the main access to pocket park and riverfront landscape from main roads. We incorporate recreational facilities like swings, ropes, and slides into the grey space. This multifunctional space makes the community bridge a featured space for “visiting, staying, seating, viewing”. Besides, the general layout of the community bridge bending towards the pocket park makes the two sites more intimate regarding both space and behavior. A more streamlined, complete 3-dimensional experience is established with the activity area, play area under the bridge, and viewing space on the bridge. The community bridge is a most essential feature in the design, also intended to be the most visited, efficient, and popular place for local residents.

△ 既是框景也是通道和趣味活动场所的桥下灰空间 @吴清山

△“社区之桥”的空间界面与供市民活动的社区舞台 @敬波

△ 融于滨河公园景观感受的“社区之桥” @吴清山

共栖：应许的自然之境

Symbiosis: a near-natural plant community with multi-activities

线性整形灌木作为整体空间线性建构的要素之一，也是整体绿化的基础骨架。同时也解决了在狭窄的滨河空间中难以用传统手法达成整洁的绿化感受与自然气息营造之间的平衡的问题。

The linear manicured shrub is a critical element in general design composition and for constructing an overall green backbone. With manicured shrubs, the design balanced the need for a natural vibe and organized neat space, which is hardly achieved with traditional design methods.

△ 景观生境营造策略 @VIA 维亚景观

△ 金桥曹家沟滨河景观中被线性逻辑规范的自然感受 @吴清山

以易于管养的线性整形灌木和尺度合宜的草坪作为近人第一界面的绿化配置，获得了明快疏朗的感受，也为后续介入的以宿根花卉、观赏草、耐阴地被为主的“近自然群落”下木的自由张扬做了铺垫。

Shrubs with low maintenance and lawns on a pleasant scale as the first level of a softscape setting acquire a cheerful and open feeling. This setting also provides freely “presenting” space for near-nature plant community such as perennials, ornamental grass, and ground covers for shades.

△ 以观赏草为主构成的近自然群落 @吴清山

△ 以近自然群落的生境将园路与活动场地围合 @敬波

△ 隐现于近自然群落中的线性园路 @敬波

△“社区之桥”桥上休闲空间与自然气息绿化的结合 @敬波

而类似的绿化设计手法，也已经在我们稍早完成的上海南京西路绿地更新、上海曹家渡花园更新、上海“1+1空间艺术计划”等项目的设计与实施中得到了较好的正面反馈验证。这样的手法也成为形成金桥曹家沟滨河景观中可管理、易管理的自然之境的保障。同时，现场大部分保留、部分场地内移植的大乔木，以及保留利用的现状置石，也为更新后的曹家沟滨河景观提供了自然与文化共生的基础与契机。

This method has been applied in our previous completed projects like streetscape regeneration in West Nanjing Rd., Caojiadu Garden Pocket Park, etc. Due to the positive feedback received from those above-mentioned projects, we secure the design generated from this method to be manageable and easily manageable. At the same time, most preserved trees on site and some transplanted trees together with the existing rockery offer a chance and a basis for co-existence and co-development of nature and local culture.

△ 儿童趣乐活动场地与近自然群落的融合 @敬波

△ 耐候钢板文化景墙与健身空间的融合 @敬波

△ 新建场地与保留乔木、置石的有机结合 @吴清山

而众多使用者在多元口袋空间中的日常趣味活动与滨河自然绿化的融洽，则更是我们认为最可贵的属于城市公共空间（开放系统）中的“共栖”。

The blending of natural green at the riverside and the fun activities of multiple local users are viewed as a more priceless “Symbiosis” from our perspective.

△ 更新后的金桥曹家沟滨河景观顺流汇入整座城市的宏大叙事 @吴清山