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合肥黄麓师范学校景观更新营造记 / 普邦设计

百年·树·人

安徽合肥

75,643㎡

黄麓师范学校

华南理工大学建筑设计研究院

2019年6月

广州普邦园林股份有限公司

IAM岸木摄影

背景 | CONTEXT

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洪瞳张本尧,捐资办学校;老人齐欢喜,儿童哈哈笑”。在今天的合肥市巢湖之畔黄麓镇一个叫洪家瞳的地方,曾流传着这样一首民谣,它讲述着“和平将军”张治中与黄麓师范学校的渊源。


"Hong Tong Zhang Benyao, donated money to run a school; The old people rejoiced, and the children laughed." In a place called Hongjiatong in Huanglu Town, on the bank of Chaohu Lake in Hefei City today, there was such a folk song, which tells the origin of the "Peace General" Zhang Zhizhong and Huanglu Normal School.


 

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1928年,著名爱国将军张治中先生秉持“教育救国”思想,捐资在家乡巢湖市黄麓镇洪家疃创办黄麓学校。1933受陶行知创办晓庄师范影响,在黄麓学校基础上创办安徽省立黄麓简易乡村师范。

黄麓师范是全国首批中等师范学校,是安徽省中等师范教育的发端,曾享有“南有晓庄,北有黄麓”的盛誉,被视为中国乡村教育的楷模。近百年来,钟灵毓秀的黄麓师范学校为民族振兴和国家教育事业作出了卓越的贡献,培养了数以万计的优秀教育者和建设人才,享誉海内外。


In 1928, Mr. Zhang Zhizhong, a famous patriotic general, donated funds to establish Huanglu School in Hongjiatuan, Huanglu Town, Chaohu City. Huanglu Normal School is one of the first batch of secondary normal schools in the country, the beginning of secondary normal education in Anhui Province, and once enjoyed the reputation of "Xiaozhuang in the south and Huanglu in the north", and is regarded as a model of rural education in China. In the past 100 years, Huanglu Normal School has made outstanding contributions to national rejuvenation and national education, and has cultivated tens of thousands of outstanding educators and talents, and is well-known at home and abroad.


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拥有厚重悠久历史底蕴、辉煌灿烂办学成就的黄麓师范的发展受到国家领导人和省、市领导的重视,多次莅临指导,要求加大投入,改善办学条件,提升办学质量,不辜负张治中先生建校之初的殷切期盼。


The development of Huanglu Normal School, which has a rich and long history and brilliant achievements in running a school, has been valued by national leaders and provincial and municipal leaders for many times. This renovation is a fusion of the old and new campuses. The old campus is located as the administrative office area, and it is also the patriotic education base of the school and nearby. 


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本次景观设计是一个新老校区的融合,老校区定位为教师生活和文化传承,同时也是学校及附近的爱国主义教育基地,新校区主要为教育教学、运动休憩和学生生活区,以村落的尺度结合民国风格的材料等元素,与老校区整体的调性统一。设计秉持保护历史、融入自然、连接人文的原则,实现了老校区的保护性修缮与新校区的功能性扩建。


The new campus is the main teaching and living sports area for students. The village scale is combined with the materials and colors of the Republic of China, which is unified with the overall tonality of the old campus.


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▲张治中,字文白,原名本尧


翻开现代中国史,张治中始终是一位令人瞩目的人物。他以天下为己任,识大体,顾大局,光明磊落与中国共产党肝胆相照,风雨同舟,真诚合作。由于他为谋求国共合作、避免内战而不遗余力地奔走,因而被人们誉为“和平将军”。作为一位曾叱咤风云的历史人物,张治中的影响并不仅限于政治和军事领域。他秉持“富国必须重经济建设,重视经济建设首应重视教育,而尤其应重视农村教育”亲手创办的黄麓师范学校,与著名的晓庄师范并肩驰名于大江南北,被视为乡村教育的楷模。


On the pages of modern Chinese history, Zhang Zhizhong has always been an eye-catching figure. Because he spared no effort to seek cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and avoid civil war, he was known as the "General of Peace". As a prominent historical figure, Zhang Zhizhongs influence was not limited to the political and military. He adhered to the principle that "a rich country must attach importance to economic construction, and regard economic construction as the first priority of education, especially rural education", and the Huanglu Normal School, which is well-known side by side with the famous Xiaozhuang Normal School in the north and south of the country, and is regarded as a model of rural education.


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▲张治中将军关于教育的题字

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▲1990年10月,在张治中诞辰100周年之际,故乡人民在黄麓师范里铸起了一座张治中全身塑像表达感怀之情。如今保留成为校园景观一部分


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▲黄麓师范校址地图与民国时期风貌


自1928年创办黄麓师范学校,张治中先生一直高度关注学校的发展,每次回乡均要视察学校、与师生座谈。张治中先生曾说“我是愿意把从事教育作为我的终身事业”。在创校之初明确提出“复兴农村,复兴民族”的方针,亲题校训:敬、勇、诚、毅——敬以待人、勇以行义、诚以存心、毅以立志。


Mr. Zhang Zhizhong has been paying close attention to the development of the school. Every time he returns to his hometown, he has to inspect the school and talk with teachers and students. Mr Zhang Zhizhong once said, "I am willing to take education as my lifelong career". At the beginning of the school, the policy of "rejuvenating the countryside and rejuvenating the nation" was clearly put forward, and the motto of the school was: respect, courage, sincerity and perseverance-respect for others, courage and righteousness, sincerity and intention, and perseverance.


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▲新老校区范围与历史建筑

 

而今,历经近百年的风雨,老校址仍在,却遍布了岁月的痕迹。本次首先更新恢复黄麓师范校园内4栋历史建筑(市级文保单位),并恢复了建校初期的校园格局,致敬百年学校的历史记忆……


After nearly 100 years, the original site of Huanglu Normal School is still here. In this design, four historical buildings (municipal-level cultural preservation units) in the Huanglu Normal Campus were first  protected and restored, and the campus pattern in the early days of the school was restored, paying tribute to the historical memory of the century-old school......


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基于尊重历史的原则,围绕4栋历史建筑,在老校区的原址恢复了民国时期的校园风貌原址。


based on the principle of respecting history, the four historical buildings and the space pattern on the original site were restored to the campus style during the Republic of China.


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“桂翁堂”是黄麓师范建校之初的礼堂兼教室。因张将军父辈是“桂”字辈,故名。“桂翁堂”三字乃时任民民国政府考试院院长戴季陶先生所题。为纪念其父的桂翁堂有张治中亲植的树木、张治中将军像、张治中先生“家庭、家族、家乡”主题陈列等。


"Gui Weng Hall" was the auditorium and classroom at the beginning of the establishment of Huanglu Normal School. In honor of his father, General Zhangs named the hall after his father and The calligraphy of  "Gui Weng Tang" was inscribed by Mr. Dai Jitao, then president of the Government Examination Institute of the Republic of China.  Now there are trees planted by General Zhang, a portrait of the General, and a special exhibition of Mr. Zhang Zhizhong and Huanglu Normal School.


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▲桂翁堂外侧的保护围墙与轴线


本次景观更新以保护为原则退让了桂翁堂,保留了原堂内的古木大树,仅在外部修缮围墙,并以外部轴线烘托这建校初期的核心空间。


In this landscape renewal, the Gui Weng Hall has been relinquished in the principle of conservation, and the ancient trees in the original hall have been retained. The outer wall has been repaired, and an external axis has been addressed.


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▲衬托桂翁堂的保护性围墙




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▲历史照片中的老校舍与法国梧桐



老校舍附近的空间秩序因列植法国梧桐的保留得到延续,成为场地最美的印记。


The spatial order near the old school building has been preserved with the old paulownia.


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▲校舍周边保留的列植法国梧桐




百年校园的沉淀,老校区的现场遗留大量乔木,银杏、水杉、广玉兰、圆柏、法国梧桐、香樟等……


With the precipitation of the century-old campus, a large number of trees, such as Ginkgo biloba, metasequoia glyptostroboides, Magnolia grandiflora, Sabina vulgaris, Platanus acerifolia, Cinnamomum camphora, etc., were left on the site of the old campus. 
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▲老操场边的香樟树


保留下来的这些原生树木,枝干粗壮、枝叶繁茂、斑驳的身影、阳光从树叶缝隙洒落下来,仿佛在诉说这里的光阴故事,为百年校园的沉淀增添几分历史感。


The design was based on the principle of avoiding and protecting the original trees as much as possible. The preserved native trees, with thick branches, lush foliage and mottled figures, seemed to tell the story of time here, adding a sense of history to the precipitation of the century-old campus.


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▲湖边的水杉、法桐与历史纪念墙


对于新校区来讲,新形式的设计、新的材料,与老校区统一的风貌与调性,也是对设计师的一种考验,这需要对老校园的材料、工艺、历史等有充分的了解。


For the new campus, the new design form, new materials, unified style and tonality with the old campus are also a test for designers, which requires a full understanding of the materials, technology and history of the original campus.



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以保护、修缮、合理利用的原则,尽量去还原历史的风貌。在材料的选择上,为了匹配建筑外立面的色调,景观选材上,将代表民国时代风格的青砖,用到围墙、景墙、地面等硬质景观上,沿用建筑的符号与元素,进行整体设计调性的匹配。


With the principle of protection, repair and rational utilization, try to restore the historical features. In the selection of materials, in order to match the color of the building facade, in the selection of landscape materials, a large number of old-time blue bricks were collected from the countryside and used in hard landscapes such as fences, landscape walls and floors, and architectural symbols and elements were used to match the overall design tonality.
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▲青砖元素


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▲学校周边的自然风光



自设计初期我们就注意到学校周边优越的自然景观资源:学校内外的高差明显,湖泊、湿地、乡村田野自然景观丰富。


Since the early stage of the design, we have always paid attention to the excellent natural landscapearound the school: the mountains terrain, and lakes, wetlands, and rural fields.


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▲新校区的湖边栈道


设计在整体呼应周边天然的生态形态,将生态景观理念引入校园,延展乡村生态景观,最低程度干预自然生态。


Using the surrounding natural ecological resources, the concept of ecological landscape is introduced into the campus to extend the rural ecological landscape. 


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利用校园南面的现状水塘改造为校园中央生态景区,形成以图书馆为中心的新校园教学核心。


The existing reservoir in the south of the campus has been transformed into an ecological lake at the centere of the new campus.


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▲新校区的湖区周边建筑设施


原校址上避让并保留的原有植物,梳理并重新优化配植,整合形成新的绿化景观空间 ——不仅仅是历史的景观,也是亲近自然的景观。


The existing trees were retained on the original school site. And the plants style inspire the planting design in the new school. We aim to balance betwwen historical landscape and natural landscape.


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▲更新后的绿荫草坪


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近百年历史的老校址、与更古老的山川已经为黄麓师范学校勾勒了原始的轮廓。在这样记忆积淀上,新校区的景观设计总能感受到一股向上的牵引力。


The nearly 100-year-old school site and even older natural surroundings have drawn the original outline of the Huanglu Normal School. The landscape design in new school area was deeply influenced by these elements, yet in a new form.


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▲新校区的校训石与老校区一墙之间相望


新老校区之间的对话,也带来了设计层面的创新。


The dialogue between the old and new campuses has also led to innovation in design.


张治中将军在建校初期就亲题的校训:“敬、勇、诚、毅——敬以待人、勇以行义、诚以存心、毅以立志”在新校区中找到了与百年老校区相望新的位置。


General Zhang Zhizhongs motto in the early days of the school: "Respect, Courage, Sincerity, Perseverance - Respect for others, courage to do righteousness, sincerity to heart, perseverance to aspire" found a new position in the new campus.


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▲高差让新老校址之间相邻又相离


边界高差的处理,让新老校区时间上的凝望转化为景观实体上的互相凝望。


The elevation in the boundary between the old and new campuses has been given a form to as a posture of gaze in between.


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还有已然是现代模样的“思教亭”,隔着原水塘改造的新水景,望向老校址的方向。


There is also the "Sijiao Pavilion", which is already a modern appearance, and looks in the direction to the old school site across the renovated central lake.


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▲新校区的思教亭望向老校区


这些景观设施在为新扩建校园功能服务的同时,像是无形中的一根拉索时时把新的时代与老的记忆紧密相连。


While serving the new campus, these landscape facilities are molded with an invisible clue from the original site. This design also allows us to perceive the embodiment of memory more concretely.


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▲整合的新老校区融入黄麓的山川与晚霞


每当夜幕降临,新老之间模糊了边界,整合一体的黄麓师范学校融入了山川与晚霞之中。带着怀旧、进取、育人的信念,将百年校园发扬光大,生生不息。


Whenever night falls, the boundary between the old and the new is blurred, even integrating with the mountains, lakes and the sunset. With the concept of nostalgia, enterprising, and education, the renovated lanscape has been with the students and teachers here .


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黄麓师范学校,这所拥有深厚文化底蕴的百年名校,焕发了新的生机。正以昂扬的姿态,以百年名校的标准打造精品校园,将其建设成镶嵌在环巢湖区域的一颗璀璨的教育明珠;打造成现代文明与历史文化和自然景观融为一体的知名幼儿师资教育培养基地。


We attempt to  build a high-quality campus with the standards of a century-old famous school. Today, Huanglu Normal School, a century-old famous school with profound cultural heritage, has been revitalized. As a bright educational pearl embedded around Chaohu Lake, it is now a well-known early childhood education training base integrating with historical heritages and tourism.


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